Izinto zeCathode
Ekulungiseleleni izinto ze-electrode ye-inorganic yeebhetri ze-lithium ion, ubushushu obuphezulu bokusabela kwimeko eqinileyo yeyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.Ubushushu obuphezulu besigaba sokuphendula: kubhekisa kwinkqubo apho izinto ezisabelayo eziquka izinto zenqanaba eliqinileyo zithatha ixesha elithile kwiqondo lobushushu elithile kwaye zivelise ukusabela kweekhemikhali ngokudityaniswa phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ukuvelisa ezona khompawundi zizinzile kubushushu obuthile. , kubandakanywa ukusabela okuqinileyo, ukusabela kwegesi eqinileyo kunye nokuphendula okuqinileyo-ulwelo.
Nangona indlela ye-sol-gel, indlela ye-coprecipitation, indlela ye-hydrothermal kunye nendlela ye-solvothermal isetyenzisiweyo, i-solid-phase reaction okanye i-slid-phase sintering kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu idla ngokufuneka.Oku kungenxa yokuba umgaqo osebenzayo webhetri ye-lithium-ion ufuna ukuba izinto zayo ze-electrode zinokuphinda zifake kwaye zisuse i-li +, ngoko ke isakhiwo sayo se-lattice kufuneka sibe nokuzinza okwaneleyo, okudinga ukuba i-crystallinity yezinto ezisebenzayo kufuneka ibe phezulu kwaye isakhiwo se-crystal kufuneka sibe rhoqo. .Oku kunzima ukufezekisa phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphantsi, ngoko ke izinto ze-electrode zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisetyenziswayo ngoku zifumaneka ngokusisiseko sobushushu obuphezulu be-solid-state reaction.
Umgca wemveliso we-cathode wokuvelisa i-cathode ikakhulu ubandakanya inkqubo yokuxuba, inkqubo ye-sintering, inkqubo yokutyumza, inkqubo yokuhlamba amanzi (i-nickel ephezulu kuphela), inkqubo yokupakisha, inkqubo yokuhambisa umgubo kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ehlakaniphile.
Xa inkqubo yokuxuba emanzi isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezinto ze-cathode kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iingxaki zokumisa zihlala zidibana.I-solvents eyahlukeneyo esetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokuxuba okumanzi iya kukhokelela kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokumisa kunye nezixhobo.Okwangoku, kukho ubukhulu becala iintlobo ezimbini ze-solvents ezisetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokuxuba okumanzi: i-solvents non-aqueous, ezizezi zi-solvents eziphilayo ezifana ne-ethanol, i-acetone, njl.Isinyibilikisi samanzi.Izixhobo zokomisa umxube omanzi we-lithium-ion battery cathode materials ikakhulu ziquka: i-vacuum rotary dryer, i-vacuum rake dryer, i-spray dryer, i-vacuum belt dryer.
Imveliso yemveliso ye-cathode yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion idla ngokuthatha inkqubo ye-sintering synthesis yobushushu obuphezulu obuphezulu, kwaye isiseko sayo kunye nezixhobo eziphambili yi-sintering kiln.Izinto eziluhlaza zokuvelisa izinto ze-lithium-ion ibhetri ye-cathode zixutywe ngokufanayo kwaye zomiswe, emva koko zilayishwe kwi-oven for sintering, kwaye zikhutshwe kwi-oven ukuya kwinkqubo yokutyumza kunye nokuhlelwa.Ukuveliswa kwezinto ze-cathode, izibonakaliso zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho ezifana neqondo lokushisa lokushisa, ukufana kweqondo lokushisa, ulawulo lwe-atmospheric kunye nokufana, ukuqhubeka, umthamo wokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye ne-automation degree ye-ziko kubaluleke kakhulu.Okwangoku, ezona zixhobo zisetyenziswayo ekuveliseni izixhobo ze-cathode yi-pusher kiln, i-roller kiln kunye ne-bell jar.
◼ I-roller kiln yitonela yobukhulu obuphakathi enokufudumeza rhoqo kunye ne-sintering.
◼ Ngokomoya ojikeleze iziko, njengetonti etyhalwayo, i-roller kiln nayo yahlulwe yaba yi-air kiln kunye ne-atmosphere.
- I-Kiln yomoya: ikakhulu isetyenziselwa izinto zokuthambisa ezifuna umoya we-oxidizing, njengezinto ze-lithium manganate, izinto ze-lithium cobalt oxide, izixhobo ze-ternary, njl.
- I-Atmosphere kiln: ikakhulu isetyenziselwa izinto ze-NCA ternary, izinto ze-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), izixhobo ze-graphite anode kunye nezinye izinto ezifuna umoya (ezifana ne-N2 okanye i-O2) ukhuseleko lwegesi.
◼ I-roller kiln isebenzisa inkqubo yokukhuhlana, ngoko ubude be-onti abuyi kuchaphazeleka ngamandla okuqhubela phambili.Ngokwethiyori, isenokungenasiphelo.Iimpawu zesakhiwo sombhobho we-kiln, ukuhambelana okungcono xa kuqhunyiswa iimveliso, kunye nesakhiwo esikhulu sombhobho we-kiln kulungelelaniso lokuhamba komoya kwisithando somlilo kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi kunye nokukhutshwa kwerabha yeemveliso.Sesona sixhobo sikhethwayo sokuthatha indawo ye-pusher kiln ukufezekisa imveliso yomgangatho omkhulu ngokwenene.
◼ Okwangoku, i-lithium cobalt oxide, i-ternary, i-lithium manganate kunye nezinye izinto ze-cathode ze-lithium-ion iibhetri zifakwe kwi-air roller kiln, ngelixa i-lithium iron phosphate ifakwe kwi-roller kiln ekhuselwe yi-nitrogen, kwaye i-NCA ifakwe kwi-roller. iziko elikhuselwe yioksijini.
Izinto ze-Electrode ezimbi
Amanyathelo aphambili okuhamba kwenkqubo esisiseko yegraphite eyenziweyo ibandakanya ukunyangwa kwangaphambili, ipyrolysis, ibhola yokusila, igraphitization (oko kukuthi, unyango lobushushu, ukuze iiathom zekhabhoni eziphazamisekileyo zilungelelaniswe kakuhle, kunye nekhonkco lobugcisa eliphambili), ukuxuba, ukugquma, ukuxuba. ukuhlola, ukukala, ukupakishwa kunye nokugcinwa kwempahla.Yonke imisebenzi ilungile kwaye inzima.
◼ Igranulation yahlulwe yaba yinkqubo yepyrolysis kunye nenkqubo yokuhlola ibhola.
Kwinkqubo yepyrolysis, faka imathiriyeli ephakathi 1 kwi-reactor, buyisela umoya kwi-reactor nge-N2, tywina i-reactor, uyifudumeze ngombane ngokwejiko lobushushu, uyishukumise kwi-200 ~ 300 ℃ nge-1 ~ 3h, emva koko uqhubeke. Ukuyifudumeza ukuya kwi-400 ~ 500 ℃, uyishukumise ukuze ufumane izinto ezinobungakanani be-10 ~ 20mm, yehlisa ubushushu kwaye uyikhuphe ukuze ufumane imathiriyeli ephakathi 2. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yepyrolysis, i-reactor ethe nkqo kunye neqhubekayo izixhobo zegranulation, zombini ezinomgaqo ofanayo.Zombini ziyashukumisa okanye zishukume phantsi kwegophe elithile lobushushu ukuze zitshintshe ukwakheka kwezinto kunye neempawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali kwi-reactor.Umahluko kukuba iketile ethe nkqo yindibaniselwano yeketile eshushu kunye neketile ebandayo.Izinto eziphathekayo kwi-kettle zitshintshwa ngokuvuselela ngokweqondo lokushisa kwi-kettle eshushu.Emva kokugqitywa, ifakwe kwi-ketile yokupholisa, kwaye i-ketile eshushu inokutyiswa.Izixhobo eziqhubekayo ze-granulation ziqonda ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nemveliso ephezulu.
◼ Ukwenziwa kweCarbonization kunye negraphitization yinxalenye eyimfuneko.I-carbonization furnace carbonizes izinto kwiqondo lokushisa eliphakathi kunye neliphantsi.Ukushisa kwesithando somlilo we-carbonization kunokufikelela kwi-1600 degrees Celsius, enokuthi ihlangabezane neemfuno ze-carbonization.Ulawulo oluphezulu lweqondo lokushisa oluhlakaniphile kunye nenkqubo yokubeka iliso ye-PLC ngokuzenzekelayo iya kwenza idatha eyenziwa kwinkqubo ye-carbonization ilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo.
Iziko leGraphitization, kubandakanywa ubushushu obuphezulu obuthe tye, ukukhutshwa okusezantsi, ngokuthe nkqo, njl., ibeka igraphite kwindawo eshushu yegraphite (ikhabhoni equlathe imeko-bume) yokuntywila kunye nokunyibilikisa, kwaye ubushushu ngeli xesha linokufikelela kuma-3200 ℃.
◼ Ukugquma
Izinto eziphakathi kwe-4 zithunyelwa kwi-silo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuhambisa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye izinto eziphathekayo zizaliswe ngokuzenzekelayo kwibhokisi ye-promethium yi-manipulator.Inkqubo yokuhambisa ngokuzenzekelayo ihambisa ibhokisi ye-promethium kwi-reactor eqhubekayo (i-roller kiln) yokugquma, Fumana i-intermediate material 5 (phantsi kokhuseleko lwe-nitrogen, izinto ezivuthayo kwi-1150 ℃ ngokwe-curve ethile yokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwi-8 ~ 10h. Inkqubo yokufudumala kukufudumala izixhobo ngombane, kwaye indlela yokufudumala ijika i-asphalt ephezulu kwi-graphite particles kwi-pyrolytic carbon coating Ngexesha lokufudumala, i-resin kwi-asphalt ephezulu i-condense, kwaye i-crystal morphology iguqulwa (imeko ye-amorphous iguqulwa ibe yi-crystalline state), I-odolo ye-carbon microcrystalline layer yenziwa kumphezulu wamasuntswana e-graphite yendalo engqukuva, kwaye ekugqibeleni igraphite egqunywe njengezinto kunye ne "core-shell" isakhiwo. ifunyenwe