Izinto zeCathode
Ekulungiseleleni izinto ze-electrode ye-inorganic yeebhetri ze-lithium ion, ubushushu obuphezulu bokusabela kwimeko eqinileyo yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ubushushu obuphezulu bokusabela kwesigaba esiqinileyo: kubhekiselele kwinkqubo yokuba ii-reactants ezibandakanya izinto zesigaba esiluqilima zithatha ixesha elithile kwiqondo lobushushu elithile kwaye zivelise ukusabela kweekhemikhali ngokudityaniswa okulinganayo phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ukuvelisa iikhompawundi ezizinzile kubushushu obuthile, kubandakanywa ukusabela okuqinileyo, ukusabela kwerhasi eqinileyo kunye nokusabela okuqinileyo kolwelo.
Nangona indlela ye-sol-gel, indlela ye-coprecipitation, indlela ye-hydrothermal kunye nendlela ye-solvothermal isetyenzisiweyo, i-solid-phase reaction okanye i-slid-phase sintering kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu idla ngokufuneka. Oku kungenxa yokuba umgaqo osebenzayo webhetri ye-lithium-ion ufuna ukuba izinto zayo ze-electrode zinokuphinda zifake kwaye zisuse i-li +, ngoko ke isakhiwo sayo se-lattice kufuneka sibe nokuzinza okwaneleyo, okudinga ukuba i-crystallinity yezinto ezisebenzayo kufuneka ibe phezulu kwaye isakhiwo se-crystal kufuneka sibe rhoqo. Oku kunzima ukufezekisa phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphantsi, ngoko ke izinto ze-electrode zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisetyenziswayo ngoku zifumaneka ngokusisiseko sobushushu obuphezulu be-solid-state reaction.
Umgca wemveliso we-cathode wokuvelisa i-cathode ikakhulu ubandakanya inkqubo yokuxuba, inkqubo ye-sintering, inkqubo yokutyumza, inkqubo yokuhlamba amanzi (i-nickel ephezulu kuphela), inkqubo yokupakisha, inkqubo yokuhambisa umgubo kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ehlakaniphile.
Xa inkqubo yokuxuba emanzi isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezinto ze-cathode kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iingxaki zokumisa zihlala zidibana. I-solvents eyahlukeneyo esetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokuxuba okumanzi iya kukhokelela kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokumisa kunye nezixhobo. Okwangoku, kukho ubukhulu becala iintlobo ezimbini ze-solvents ezisetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokuxuba okumanzi: i-solvents non-aqueous, ezizezi zi-solvents eziphilayo ezifana ne-ethanol, i-acetone, njl. Isinyibilikisi samanzi. Izixhobo zokomisa umxube omanzi we-lithium-ion battery cathode materials ikakhulu ziquka: i-vacuum rotary dryer, i-vacuum rake dryer, i-spray dryer, i-vacuum belt dryer.
Imveliso yemveliso ye-cathode yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion idla ngokuthatha inkqubo ye-sintering synthesis yobushushu obuphezulu obuphezulu, kwaye isiseko sayo kunye nezixhobo eziphambili yi-sintering kiln. Izinto eziluhlaza zokuvelisa izinto ze-lithium-ion ibhetri ye-cathode zixutywe ngokufanayo kwaye zomiswe, emva koko zilayishwe kwi-oven for sintering, kwaye zikhutshwe kwi-oven ukuya kwinkqubo yokutyumza kunye nokuhlelwa. Ukuveliswa kwezinto ze-cathode, izibonakaliso zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho ezifana neqondo lokushisa lokushisa, ukufana kweqondo lokushisa, ulawulo lwe-atmospheric kunye nokufana, ukuqhubeka, umthamo wokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye ne-automation degree ye-ziko kubaluleke kakhulu. Okwangoku, ezona zixhobo zisetyenziswayo ekuveliseni izixhobo ze-cathode yi-pusher kiln, i-roller kiln kunye ne-bell jar.
◼ I-roller kiln yi-tonela yobukhulu obuphakathi enokufudumeza okuqhubekayo kunye nokutshisa.
◼ Ngokomoya ojikeleze iziko, njengetonti etyhalwayo, i-roller kiln nayo yahlulwe yaba yi-air kiln kunye ne-atmosphere.
- I-Kiln yomoya: ikakhulu isetyenziselwa izinto zokuthambisa ezifuna umoya we-oxidizing, njengezinto ze-lithium manganate, izinto ze-lithium cobalt oxide, izixhobo ze-ternary, njl.
- I-Atmosphere kiln: ikakhulu isetyenziselwa izinto ze-NCA ternary, izinto ze-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), izixhobo ze-graphite anode kunye nezinye izinto ezifuna umoya (ezifana ne-N2 okanye i-O2) ukhuseleko lwegesi.
◼ I-roller kiln isebenzisa inkqubo yokukhuhlana, ngoko ubude be-onti abuyi kuchaphazeleka ngamandla okuqhubela phambili. Ngokwethiyori, isenokungenasiphelo. Iimpawu zesakhiwo sombhobho we-kiln, ukuhambelana okungcono xa kuqhunyiswa iimveliso, kunye nesakhiwo esikhulu sombhobho we-kiln kulungelelaniso lokuhamba komoya kwisithando somlilo kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi kunye nokukhutshwa kwerabha yeemveliso. Sesona sixhobo sikhethwayo sokuthatha indawo ye-pusher kiln ukufezekisa imveliso yomgangatho omkhulu ngokwenene.
◼ Okwangoku, i-lithium cobalt oxide, i-ternary, i-lithium manganate kunye nezinye izinto ze-cathode ze-lithium-ion iibhetri zifakwe kwi-air roller kiln, ngelixa i-lithium iron phosphate ifakwe kwi-roller kiln ekhuselwe yi-nitrogen, kwaye i-NCA ifakwe kwi-roller kiln ekhuselwe yi-oxygen.
Izinto ze-Electrode ezimbi
Amanyathelo aphambili enkqubo esisiseko yokuhamba kwegraphite eyenziweyo ibandakanya ukunyangwa kwangaphambili, i-pyrolysis, ibhola yokusila, i-graphitization (oko kukuthi, unyango lobushushu, ukwenzela ukuba ii-athomu zekhabhoni eziphazamisekileyo zilungelelaniswe kakuhle, kunye nekhonkco eliphambili lobugcisa), ukuxuba, ukugquma, ukuxilonga ukuxuba, ukulinganisa, ukupakisha kunye nokugcinwa kwempahla. Yonke imisebenzi ilungile kwaye inzima.
◼ Igranulation yahlulwe yaba yinkqubo yepyrolysis kunye nenkqubo yokuhlola ibhola.
Kwinkqubo ye-pyrolysis, faka izinto eziphakathi kwe-1 kwi-reactor, buyisela umoya kwi-reactor nge-N2, tywina i-reactor, uyitshise ngombane ngokuhambelana ne-curve yeqondo lokushisa, uyigxobhoze kwi-200 ~ 300 ℃ ye-1 ~ 3h, kwaye uqhubeke uyifudumeza ukuya kwi-400 ~ 500 ℃ kunye ne-0 ℃ kunye ne-particle ye-0 ℃, unciphise ubungakanani be-0 ℃ kunye nobukhulu be-0. ukuyikhupha ukuze ufumane izinto eziphakathi 2. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa inkqubo ye-pyrolysis, i-reactor ethe nkqo kunye nezixhobo eziqhubekayo ze-granulation, zombini ezinomgaqo ofanayo. Zombini ziyashukumisa okanye zishukume phantsi kwegophe elithile lobushushu ukutshintsha ukwakheka kwezinto kunye neempawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali kwi-reactor. Umahluko kukuba iketile ethe nkqo yimowudi yokudibanisa yeketile eshushu kunye neketile ebandayo. Izinto eziphathekayo kwi-kettle zitshintshwa ngokuvuselela ngokweqondo lokushisa kwi-kettle eshushu. Emva kokuba igqityiwe, ifakwa kwiketile yokupholisa ukuze ipholiswe, kwaye iketile eshushu inokutyiswa. Izixhobo eziqhubekayo ze-granulation ziqonda ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nemveliso ephezulu.
◼ Ukwenziwa kweCarbonization kunye negraphitization yinxalenye eyimfuneko. I-carbonization furnace carbonizes izinto kwiqondo lokushisa eliphakathi kunye neliphantsi. Ukushisa kwesithando somlilo we-carbonization kunokufikelela kwi-1600 degrees Celsius, enokuthi ihlangabezane neemfuno ze-carbonization. Ulawulo oluphezulu lweqondo lokushisa oluhlakaniphile kunye nenkqubo yokubeka iliso ye-PLC ngokuzenzekelayo iya kwenza idatha eyenziwa kwinkqubo ye-carbonization ilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo.
Iziko leGraphitization, kubandakanywa ubushushu obuphezulu obuthe tye, ukukhutshwa okusezantsi, ngokuthe nkqo, njl., ibeka igraphite kwindawo eshushu yegraphite (ikhabhoni equlathe imeko-bume) yokuntywila kunye nokunyibilikisa, kwaye ubushushu ngeli xesha linokufikelela kuma-3200 ℃.
◼ Ukugquma
Izinto eziphakathi kwe-4 zithunyelwa kwi-silo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuhambisa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye izinto eziphathekayo zizaliswe ngokuzenzekelayo kwibhokisi ye-promethium yi-manipulator. Inkqubo yokuhambisa ngokuzenzekelayo ihambisa ibhokisi ye-promethium ukuya kwi-reactor eqhubekayo (i-roller kiln) yokwaleka, Fumana izinto eziphakathi 5 (phantsi kokhuseleko lwe-nitrogen, izinto zifudunyezwa kwi-1150 ℃ ngokwe-curve yokunyuka kobushushu kwi-8 ~ 10h. Inkqubo yokufudumeza ukufudumeza izixhobo ngombane, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokufudumeza umbane ngendlela ethe ngqo. Amasuntswana egraphite abe yi-pyrolytic carbon coating Ngexesha lenkqubo yokufudumeza, iireyini ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu le-asphalt condense, kwaye i-crystal morphology iguqulwa (imeko ye-amorphous iguqulwe ibe yi-crystalline state), I-odolo ye-microcrystalline carbon layer yenziwa kumphezulu we-spherical spherical particles, kwaye ekugqibeleni ifunyenwe i-graphite edibeneyo kunye ne-core graphite.